This document is designed for those beginning readers of Quran who can learn the basic rules of Quranic Grammar which will enable them to understand the statement of Quran easily and comprehend its meaning. For the sake of brevity we will use less text but more pictures and videos.
Lesson One:
In Arabic grammar there are 3 parts of speech as below:
ISM – إسم Noun
F’ael – فعل Verb
H’ref – حرف Particles
Let’s start with Noun ( إسم ISM)
In Arabic grammar all the names of things and beings and places including pronoun, adjective , receiver of an action or doer of an action, qualities or attributes of things are all fall under Noun ( إسم ISM).
All Nouns have 4 attributes:
1) State/Status – Noun’s position in a sentence. Is it an Object or Subject in the sentence? In other words, is it a “doer” of an action or “receiver” of an action?
2) Number – meaning quantity one or more.
3) Gender – meaning male or female
4) Type – meaning is it definite or indefinite?
****Let’s explain a bit more about State or Status of a Noun****
When we talk about Status of Noun in a Sentence, we need to know is it an Object or Subject in the sentence? In other words, is it a doer of an action or receiver of an action?
Here is the rule:
If Noun ends with one or two Damma it is Doer or Subject known as Marfu also as Rafa
If Noun ends with one or two Fatha it is Receiver or Object also known as Mansub
If Noun ends with one or two Kasra it is Receiver or Object also known as Majrur
We can see in the above example of two Nouns (names) viz; “Hamid” and “Bilal”.
In one sentence it is written as “Hamidunn” and in another as “Hamidann” , same is with noun “ Bilal”.
So in the first case check if it is doer or subject (Marfu) and in second case is it receiver or object ( Mansuf ) ?
Now figure it out who is the object and subject in both the sentences to get the correct meaning.
Please check the videos below:
Short Vowels of Arabic
Long Vowels of Arabic
What is SUKUN in Arabic Grammar?
END of Lesson One.